Friday, September 27, 2013

Psalm 10:3

כִּי־הִלֵּל רָשָׁע עַל־תַּאֲוַת נַפְשֹׁו וּבֹצֵעַ בֵּרֵךְ נִאֵץ ׀ יְהוָה׃

Rough Word-by-word:
For he praised greatly the wicked one upon the desire of the soul of him and the coveting one he blessed he despised greatly the LORD.

Smooth Translation:
For the wicked praised greatly the desire of his soul and the coveting one he blessed. The LORD despised greatly.

Notes:
I found translation difficult on this verse. The wicked could be praising both the desire of his soul and coveting. Or the wicked could be expressed in parallelism as the covetous one who blesses. Or the wicked could be blessing the covetous one, or blessing coveting itself. This could all be while despising the LORD or the LORD could be despising all of this.

כִּי־הִלֵּל preposition with Piel perfect 3ms from הָלַל ( he praised) "for he greatly praised"

רָשָׁע adjective ms "[the] wicked one"

עַל־תַּאֲוַת preposition with noun fs in construct "upon desire of"

נַפְשֹׁו noun fs with 3ms pronominal suffix "[the] soul of him"

וּבֹצֵעַ conjunction with Qal active participle ms from בָּצַע (he coveted) "and the coveting one"

בֵּרֵךְ Piel perfect 3ms from בָּרַךְ (he blessed) "he blessed"

נִאֵץ Piel perfect 3ms from נָאַץ (he despised) "he despised greatly"

יְהוָה Tetragrammaton - divine name "the LORD"

Thursday, September 26, 2013

Psalm 10:2

בְּגַאֲוַת רָשָׁע יִדְלַק עָנִי יִתָּפְשׂוּ ׀ בִּמְזִמֹּות זוּ חָשָׁבוּ׃

Rough Word-by-word:
In majesty of the wicked one he will pursue the humble one, they will be caught in plans such as they imagined.

Smooth Translation:
In the pride of the wicked he will pursue the humble, they will be caught in the plans they imagined.

בְּגַאֲוַת preposition and noun fs in construct "In majesty of"

רָשָׁע adjective ms "[the] wicked [one]"

יִדְלַק Qal imperfect 3ms from דָּלַק (he pursued) "he will pursue"

עָנִי adjective ms "[the] humble [one]"

יִתָּפְשׂוּ Niphal imperfect 3mp from תָּפַשׂ (he caught) "they will be caught"

בִּמְזִמֹּות preposition and noun fp "in plans"

זוּ adverb "such"

חָשָׁבוּ Qal perfect 3mp from חָשַׁב (he thought, he imagined) "they imagined"

Wednesday, September 25, 2013

Psalm 10:1

לָמָה יְהוָה תַּעֲמֹד בְּרָחֹוק תַּעְלִים לְעִתֹּות בַּצָּרָה׃

Rough Word-by-word:
For what LORD you will stand in distant, you will cause to hide for times of distress?

Smooth Translation:
LORD, why will you stand in a distant place? Why will you hide in times of distress?

לָמָה preposition with interrogative "for what, why"

יְהוָה Tetragrammaton - divine name "LORD"

תַּעֲמֹד Qal imperfect 2ms from עָמַד (he stood) "you will stand"

בְּרָחֹוק preposition with adjective ms "in distant"

תַּעְלִים Hiphil imperfect 2ms from עָלַם (he was hidden) "you will cause to hide"

לְעִתֹּות preposition with noun fp in construct "for times of"

בַּצָּרָה noun feminine singular "narrowness, distress"

Tuesday, September 24, 2013

Psalm 9:21

שִׁיתָה יְהוָה ׀ מֹורָה לָהֶם יֵדְעוּ גֹויִם אֱנֹושׁ הֵמָּה סֶּלָה׃

Rough Word-by-word:
set LORD fear to them they will know nations man them selah.

Smooth Translation:
LORD, set fear to them. Nations will know they are man. Selah

שִׁיתָה Qal imperative 2ms from שִׁית (he put, he set) "set"

יְהוָה tetragrammaton - divine name "LORD"

מֹורָה noun ms "fear"

לָהֶם preposition with 3mp pronominal suffix "to them"

יֵדְעוּ Qal imperfect 3mp from יָדַע (he knew) "they will know"

גֹויִם noun mp "nations"

אֱנֹושׁ noun ms "man"

הֵמָּה pronoun 3mp "them"

סֶּלָה perhaps an expression of direction to the musicians (note: BibleWorks 4 calls it an "interjection," meaning "lift up, exalt")

Friday, September 20, 2013

Psalm 9:20

קוּמָה יְהוָה אַל־יָעֹז אֱנֹושׁ יִשָּׁפְטוּ גֹויִם עַל־פָּנֶיךָ׃

Rough Word-by-word:
Rise up LORD let not be strong man, let be judged nations upon the face of you.

Smooth Translation:
Rise up, LORD. Let not man be strong, let nations be judged before your face.

קוּמָה Qal imperative 2ms from קוּם (he rose up) "Rise up"

יְהוָה tetragrammaton - divine name "LORD"

אַל־יָעֹז adverb of negation with Qal imperfect/jussive 3ms from עָזַז (he was strong) "not let be strong"

אֱנֹושׁ noun ms "man"

שָּׁפְטוּ Niphal imperfect/jussive 3mp from שָׁפָט (he judged) "let be judged"

גֹויִם noun mp "nations"

עַל־פָּנֶיךָ preposition and noun masculine dual in construct with 2ms pronominal suffix "upon the face of you"

Thursday, September 19, 2013

Psalm 9:19

כִּי לֹא לָנֶצַח יִשָּׁכַח אֶבְיֹון תִּקְוַת עֲנָוִים כ (עֲנִיִּים ק) תֹּאבַד לָעַד׃

Rough Word-by-word:
For not for forever he will be forgotten the needy one, [the] hope of humble ones she will perish for forever.

Smooth Translation:
For the needy one will not be forgotten forever, nor the hope of humble ones perish forever.

Notes:
נֵצַח and עָד are both being translated as "forever," but it seems there is a nuance of difference and so the Soncino Psalter says, "The needy will not alway be forgotten, Nor the expectation of the poor perish forever."

כִּי preposition "as, for"

לֹא adverb of negation "not" (negating both verbs in the sentence here)

לָנֶצַח preposition and noun ms "to/for forever"

יִשָּׁכַח Niphal imperfect 3ms from שָׁכָח (he forgot) "he will be forgotten"

אֶבְיֹון adjective ms "[the] needy one"

תִּקְוַת noun fs in construct "hope of"

עֲנָוִים adjective mp "humble ones" (kethib)

(עֲנִיִּים ק) adjective mp "humble ones" (qere)

תֹּאבַד Qal imperfect 3fs from אָבַד (he perished) "she will perish"

לָעַד preposition and noun ms "to/for forever"

Wednesday, September 18, 2013

Psalm 9:18

יָשׁוּבוּ רְשָׁעִים לִשְׁאֹולָה כָּל־גֹּויִם שְׁכֵחֵי אֱלֹהִים׃

Rough Word-by-word:
They will return wicked ones to Sheol all nations forgetful of God.

Smooth Translation:
Wicked ones will return to Sheol, all nations forgetful of God.

יָשׁוּבוּ Qal imperfect 3mp from שׁוּב (he returned) "they will return"

רְשָׁעִים adjective mp "wicked ones"

לִשְׁאֹולָה preposition and noun fs with directional heh "to Sheol"

כָּל־גֹּויִם adjective with noun mp "all nations"

שְׁכֵחֵי adjective mp in construct "forgetful of"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "Elohim, God"

Tuesday, September 17, 2013

Psalm 9:17

נֹודַע ׀ יְהוָה מִשְׁפָּט עָשָׂה בְּפֹעַל כַּפָּיו נֹוקֵשׁ רָשָׁע הִגָּיֹון סֶלָה׃

Rough Word-by-word:
He was known the LORD judgment he made in deed palms of his hand striking [the] wicked one. Haggaion. Selah.

Smooth Translation:
The LORD was known. He made judgment in deed. The palms of his hand striking the wicked one. Haggaion. Selah.

Alternative Translation:
The LORD was known. He made judgement. In the work of his hand striking the wicked one.

Notes:
It seems translators want to take the works in which the wicked are struck or snared as the works of their own hands. I would take both as grammatically possible.

נֹודַע Niphal perfect 3ms from יָדַע (he knew) "he was known"

יְהוָה tetragrammaton - the divine name "the LORD"

מִשְׁפָּט noun ms "judgment"

עָשָׂה Qal perfect 3ms from עָשָׂה (he made, he did) "he made"

בְּפֹעַל preposition with noun ms "in deed"

כַּפָּיו noun dual in construct with pronominal suffix 3ms "palms of his hand"

נֹוקֵשׁ Qal active participle ms from נָקַש (he struck, he knocked) "striking" (note: Owen says, "some rd. נוֹקַשׁ Ni. Pf. 3 m.s. from יָקֹשׁ = are snared)

רָשָׁע adjective ms "wicked one"

הִגָּיֹון noun ms "meditation" (note: Soncino includes this and the following word together as "Directions for a musical interlude." Soncino also says of both words together, "it suggests a solemn, meditative melody.")

סֶלָה perhaps an expression of direction to the musicians (note: BibleWorks 4 calls it an "interjection," meaning "lift up, exalt")