Psalm 2:10

וְעַתָּה מְלָכִים הַשְׂכִּילוּ הִוָּסְרוּ שֹׁפְטֵי אָרֶץ׃

Rough Word-by-word:
And now, kings, be wise. Be instructed, judging ones of earth.

Smooth Translation:
And now, kings, be wise. Be instructed, judges of the earth.

וְעַתָּה conjunction with adverb "and now"

מְלָכִים noun masculine plural "kings"

הַשְׂכִּילוּ Hiphil imperative 2mp from שָׂכַל (he was wise) "be wise"

הִוָּסְרוּ Niphal imperative 2mp from יָסַר (he instructed) "be instructed"

שֹׁפְטֵ Qal active participle masculine plural in construct from שָׁפַט (he judged, he governed) "judging ones of"

אָרֶץ noun feminine singular "earth"

Psalm 2:9

תְּרֹעֵם בְּשֵׁבֶט בַּרְזֶל כִּכְלִי יֹוצֵר תְּנַפְּצֵם׃

Rough Word-by-word:
You will crush them with a rod of iron. As a vessel of a potter you will smash them.

Smooth Translation:
You will crush them with a rod of iron. As a vessel of a potter you will smash them.

תְּרֹעֵם Qal imperfect 2ms from רָעַע (he crushed) with 3mp pronominal suffix "you will crush them" (note: The LXX and Vulgate parse this root as רָעַה (he fed, he shepherded) and John in Revelation 19:15 quotes it as such with ποιμανεῖ.)

בְּשֵׁבֶט preposition with noun ms in construct "with a rod of"

בַּרְזֶל noun ms "iron"

כִּכְלִי preposition with noun ms in construct "as a vessel of"

יֹוצֵר noun ms "a potter"

תְּנַפְּצֵם Piel imperfect 2ms from נָפַצ (he broke) with 3mp pronominal suffix "you will smash them"

Psalm 2:8

שְׁאַל מִמֶּנִּי וְאֶתְּנָה גֹויִם נַחֲלָתֶךָ וַאֲחֻזָּתְךָ אַפְסֵי־אָרֶץ׃

Rough Word-by-word:
Ask from me and I will give nations your inheritance and your possession [the] ends of [the] earth.

Smooth Translation:
Ask from me and I will give nations for your inheritance and the ends of the earth for your possession.

שְׁאַל Qal imperative 2ms from שָאַל (he asked) "Ask"

מִמֶּנִּי preposition with pronominal suffix 1cs "from me"

וְאֶתְּנָה conjunction with Qal imperfect 1cs from נָתַנ (he gave) "and I will give"

גֹויִם noun mp "nations"

נַחֲלָתֶךָ noun fs in construct with pronominal suffix 2ms "[the] inheritance of you"

וַאֲחֻזָּתְךָ conjunction with fs noun and pronominal suffix 2ms "and [the] possession of you"

אַפְסֵי־אָרֶץ adjective mp in construct with noun fs "ends of [the] earth" (Note: Greswell and Nordheimer call אַפְסֵי a "plural construct" from what Young calls a "Segolate" אֶפֶס and BibleWorks 4 calls it an adverb.)

Psalm 2:7

אֲסַפְּרָה אֶל חֹק יְהוָה אָמַר אֵלַי בְּנִי אַתָּה אֲנִי הַיֹּום יְלִדְתִּיךָ׃

Rough Word-by-word:
I will declare [the] decree the LORD he said unto me, "Son of me you [are]. I the day [this] I have brought forth you."

Smooth Translation:
I will declare the decree the LORD said to me, "My son you are. I myself have this day brought you forth."

Note:
Is this (the decree OF the LORD)?
Is this (the decree the LORD said unto me)?
Or is this (the decree. The LORD said unto me)?
Maybe this is a nuance, and maybe it is all three, but I would like to look further into it.


אֲסַפְּרָה Piel imperfect 1cs from סָפַר (he recounted) "I will declare"

אֶל preposition "unto"

חֹק noun ms "statute, decree" (Is this in construct? - I need to do more checking)

יְהוָה proper noun the divine name "the LORD"

אָמַר Qal perfect 3ms from אָמַר (he said) "he said"

אֵלַי preposition with 1cs pronominal suffix "unto me"

בְּנִי noun ms with 1cs pronominal suffix "son of me"

אַתָּה pronoun 2ms "you"

אֲנִי pronoun 1cs "I"

הַיֹּום definite article with noun ms "the day"

יְלִדְתִּיךָ Qal perfect 1cs from יָלָד (he brought forth) with 2ms pronominal suffix "I have brought forth you"

Psalm 2:6

וַאֲנִי נָסַכְתִּי מַלְכִּי עַל־צִיֹּון הַר־קָדְשִׁי׃

Rough Word-by-word:
But I, I have installed [the] king of me upon Zion, [the] mountain of [the] holiness of me.

Smooth Translation:
But I myself have installed my king on Zion, the mountain of my holiness.

וַאֲנִי conjunction with personal pronoun 1st singular "but I"

נָסַכְתִּי Qal perfect 1cs from נָסַךְ (he set, he installed) "I have installed"

מַלְכִּי noun ms in construct with 1cs singular pronominal suffix "king of me"

עַל־צִיֹּון preposition with proper noun fs "upon Zion"

הַר־קָדְשִׁי noun ms in consruct with noun ms and 1cs pronominal suffix "mountain of holiness of me"

Psalm 2:5

אָז יְדַבֵּר אֵלֵימֹו בְאַפֹּו וּבַחֲרֹונֹו יְבַהֲלֵמֹו׃

Rough Word-by-word:
Then he will speak unto them in the wrath of him and in the furry of him he will terrify them.

Smooth Translation:
Then he will speak to them in his wrath and terrify them in his furry.

אָז adverb "then"

יְדַבֵּר piel imperfect 3ms from דָבַר (he spoke) "he will speak"

אֵלֵימֹו preposition with 3mp pronominal suffix "unto them"

בְאַפֹּו preposition with noun ms and 3ms pronominal suffix "in the wrath of him"

וּבַחֲרֹונֹו conjunction with preposition and noun ms with 3ms pronominal suffix "and in the furry of him"

יְבַהֲלֵמֹו piel imperfect 3ms from בָהַל (he disturbed) with 3mp pronominal suffix "he will terrify them"

Psalm 2:4

יֹושֵׁב בַּשָּׁמַיִם יִשְׂחָק אֲדֹנָי יִלְעַג־לָמֹו׃

Rough Word-by-word:
He who sits in the heavens he will laugh. The Lord he will mock at them.

Smooth Translation:
He who sits in the heavens will laugh. The Lord will mock at them.

יֹושֵׁב Qal active participle ms from יָשַב (he sat) "he who sits"

בַּשָּׁמַיִם preposition with definite article and noun masculine dual "in the heavens"

יִשְׂחָק Qal imperfect 3ms from שָׂחַק (he laughed) "he will laugh"

אֲדֹנָי noun masculine plural "the Lord"

יִלְעַג Qal imperfect 3ms from לָעַג (he mocked) "he will mock"

לָמֹו preposition with poetic pronoun 3mp "to them" or "at them"

Psalm 2:3

נְנַתְּקָה אֶת־מֹוסְרֹותֵימֹו וְנַשְׁלִיכָה מִמֶּנּוּ עֲבֹתֵימֹו׃

Rough Word by word:
Let us break intensely the bonds of them and cause to throw from us the cords of them.

Smooth Translation:
Let us tear apart their bonds and throw away from us their cords.

נְנַתְּקָה Piel imperfect/cohortative 1st common plural from נָתַק ( he broke) "let us break intensely"

אֶת sign of direct object

מֹוסְרֹותֵימֹו plural of מוֹסֵר for מֹאסֵר from the root אָסַר with a prefixed mem denoting the instrument with the poetical suffix 3mp ֵימוֹ in place of ֵיהם (this is Isaac Nordheimer's grammatical analysis) "[the] bonds of them"

וְנַשְׁלִיכָה conjunction with Hiphil imperfect/cohortative 1cp from שָׁלַךְ (he threw, he cast) "let us cast"

מִמֶּנּוּ preposition מִן with 1st common plural suffix "from us"

עֲבֹתֵימֹו construct of עֲבֹתִים which is the plural of עֲבֹת with poetical suffix 3mp ֵימוֹ "[the] cords of them"

Psalm 2:2

יִתְיַצְּבוּ ׀ מַלְכֵי־אֶרֶץ וְרֹוזְנִים נֹוסְדוּ־יָחַד עַל־יְהוָה וְעַל־מְשִׁיחֹו׃

Rough Word-by-word:
They stand themselves kings of earth and ruling men are established together against the LORD and against the anointed one of him.

Smooth Translation:
Kings of the earth take their stand and rulers take counsel together against the LORD and against his anointed one.

יִתְיַצְּבוּ Hitpael imperfect 3mp from יָצַב (he stood) "they stand themselves"

מַלְכֵי־אֶרֶץ noun masculine plural in construct with noun feminine singular "kings of earth"

וְרֹוזְנִים conjunction with Qal active participle mp from רָזַן (he ruled) "and ruling men, rulers)

נֹוסְדוּ Niphal perfect 3cp from יָסַד (he established) "they are established" or "they take counsel"

יָחַד adverb "together"

עַל־יְהוָה preposition with proper noun mp "against the LORD"

וְעַל־מְשִׁיחֹו conjunction and preposition with adjective ms in construct with 3ms pronominal suffix "and against the anointed one of him"

Psalm 2:1

לָמָּה רָגְשׁוּ גֹויִם וּלְאֻמִּים יֶהְגּוּ־רִיק׃

Rough Word-by-word:
Why they rage nations and peoples they meditate continually a vain thing?

Smooth Translation:
Why do nations rage and people meditate a vain thing?

לָמָּה interrogative "why"

רָגְשׁוּ Qal perfect 3rd common plural from רָגַשׁ (he raged, he conspired)"they raged"

גֹויִם noun masculine plural "nations"

וּלְאֻמִּים conjunction with noun masculine plural "and peoples"

יֶהְגּוּ Qal imperfect 3rd masculine plural from הָגָה (he muttered, he meditated) "they meditate continually"

רִיק adjective masculine singular "a vain [thing]" (note: BibleWorks 4 gives this as a noun)

Psalm 1:6

כִּי־יֹודֵעַ יְהוָה דֶּרֶךְ צַדִּיקִים וְדֶרֶךְ רְשָׁעִים תֹּאבֵד׃

Rough Word-by-word:
As he is knowing the LORD the way of righteous men, but the way of wicked men it will perish.

Smooth Translation:
For the LORD knows the way of the righteous, but the way of the wicked will perish.

כִּי־יֹודֵעַ preposition with Qal active participle ms from יָדָע (he knew) "as he is knowing" or "as he knows"

יְהוָה proper noun mp "the LORD"

דֶּרֶךְ noun fs in construct "[the] way of, path of"

צַדִּיקִים adjective mp "righteous men"

וְדֶרֶךְ conjunction and noun fs in construct "and [the] way of"

רְשָׁעִים adjective mp "wicked men"

תֹּאבֵד Qal imperfect 3fs from אָבַד (he perished, he was destroyed) "she/it will perish"

Psalm 1:5

עַל־כֵּן ׀ לֹא־יָקֻמוּ רְשָׁעִים בַּמִּשְׁפָּט וְחַטָּאִים בַּעֲדַת צַדִּיקִים׃

Rough Word-by-word:
Therefore not they will stand wicked men in the judgment and sinners in the congregation of righteous men"

Smooth Translation:
Therefore wicked men will not stand in the judgment and sinners in the congreation of righteous men"

עַל־כֵּן preposition with adverb "on so" or "therefore"

לֹא־יָקֻמוּ adverb of negation with qal imperfect 3mp from קוּם (rise, stand) "not they will stand"

רְשָׁעִים adjective masculine plural "wicked men"

בַּמִּשְׁפָּט preposition with definite article and noun ms "in the judgment"

וְחַטָּאִים conjunction and noun masculine plural "and sinners"

בַּעֲדַת preposition with definite article and noun fs in construct "in the congregation of"

צַדִּיקִים adjective masculine plural "righteous men"

Psalm 1:4

לֹא־כֵן הָרְשָׁעִים כִּי אִם־כַּמֹּץ אֲ‍שֶׁר־תִּדְּפֶנּוּ רוּחַ׃

Rough Word-by-word:
Not so the wicked men but as chaff which it will drive away it the wind.

Smooth Translation:
Not so the wicked, but [they are] as chaff which the wind will drive away.

לֹא־כֵן adverb of negation with adverb "not so"

הָרְשָׁעִים definite article with adjective masculine plural "the wicked men"

כִּי אִם preposition with adverbial particle functioning as a strong adversative conjunction "but"

כַּמֹּץ preposition with noun masculine singular "as chaff"

אֲ‍שֶׁר relative pronoun "which"

תִּדְּפֶנּוּ Qal imperfect 3fs from נָדַפ (he drove away) with 3ms pronominal suffix "she/it will drive away him/it"

רוּחַ noun fs "wind"

Psalm 1:3

וְהָיָה כְּעֵץ שָׁתוּל עַל־פַּלְגֵי מָיִם אֲשֶׁר פִּרְיֹו ׀ יִתֵּן בְּעִתֹּו וְעָלֵהוּ לֹא־יִבֹּול וְכֹל אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה יַצְלִיחַ׃

Rough Word-by-word:
And he will be like a tree having been planted by divisions of waters which fruit of him he will give in time of him and leaf of him not he will wither and all which he will do will be caused to prosper.

Smooth Translation:
And he will be like a tree having been planted by streams of water which gives its fruit in season and whose leaf will not wither and all which he does will be caused to prosper.


וְהָיָה Qal perfect 3ms from הָיָה (he was) with a vav conversive making it "and he will be"

כְּעֵץ preposition with noun masculine singular "as a tree"

שָׁתוּל Qal passive participle ms from שָׁתַל (he planted) "having been planted"

עַל־פַּלְגֵי preposition with noun masculine plural in construct "by divisions of" or "by streams of"

מָיִם noun masculine plural "waters"

אֲשֶׁר relative pronoun "which"

פִּרְיֹו noun masculine singular in construct with 3ms pronominal suffix "fruit of him/it"

יִתֵּן Qal imperfect 3ms from נָתַן (he gave) "he will give" or "he continually gives"

בְּעִתֹּו preposition with noun feminine singular in construct with 3ms pronominal suffix "in time of him/it"

וְעָלֵהוּ conjunction with noun feminine singular in construct with 3ms pronominal suffix "and leaf of it"

לֹא־יִבֹּול adverb of negation with Qal imperfect 3ms from נָבֵל (he withered) "he/it will wither"

וְכֹל conjunction with adjective ms "and all"

אֲשֶׁר־יַעֲשֶׂה relative pronoun with Qal imperfect 3ms from עָשָׂה (he did, he made) "which he will do" or "which he does"

יַצְלִיחַ Hiphil imperfect 3ms from צָלַח (he prospered) "will be caused to prosper"

Psalm 1:2

כִּי אִם בְּתֹורַת יְהוָה חֶפְצֹו וּבְתֹורָתֹו יֶהְגֶּה יֹומָם וָלָיְלָה׃

Rough Word by Word:
But in the instruction of the LORD is the delight of him and in the instruction of him he will meditate by day and night.

Smooth Translation:
But in the instruction of the LORD is his delight and in his instruction he will meditate by day and night.

כִּי אִם preposition with adverbial particle - together this is a strong adversative conjunction "But"

בְּתֹורַת preposition with feminine singular noun in construct "in [the] instruction of"

יְהוָה Proper noun - the divine name "Adoni" or "the LORD"

חֶפְצֹו noun masculine singular (predicate position) in construct with 3ms suffix "is the delight of him"

וּבְתֹורָתֹו conjunction with preposition and noun feminine singular in construct with 3ms suffix "and in his instruction"

יֶהְגֶּה Qal imperfect 3ms from הָגָה (he muttered, he meditated) "he will meditate"

יֹומָם Adverb from noun with adverbial termination "by day"

וָלָיְלָה conjunction with noun masculine singular "and night"

Psalm 1:1

אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי הָאִ֗ישׁ אֲשֶׁ֤ר׀ לֹ֥א הָלַךְ֮ בַּעֲצַ֪ת רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ חַ֭טָּאִים לֹ֥א עָמָ֑ד וּבְמֹושַׁ֥ב לֵ֝צִ֗ים לֹ֣א יָשָֽׁב׃

Rough Word by Word:
Happinesses of the man who not he walked in the counsel of wicked men and in way of sinners not he stood and in seat of scorning men not he sat.

Smooth Translation:
The happinesses of the man who has not walked in the counsel of the wicked and in the way of sinners has not stood and in the seat of scorners has not sat.

אַ֥שְֽׁרֵי noun masculine plural in construct "happinesses of"

הָאִ֗ישׁ definite article with noun masculine singular "the man"

אֲשֶׁ֤ר relative pronoun "who"

לֹ֥א adverb of negation "not"

הָלַךְ֮ Qal perfect 3ms from הָלַך (he walked) "he walked"

בַּעֲצַ֪ת preposition with definite article and noun fs in construct "in the counsel of"

רְשָׁ֫עִ֥ים adjective masculine plural "wicked men"

וּבְדֶ֣רֶךְ conjunction with preposition and noun masculine singular in construct (note: sometimes this noun is feminine) "and in [the] way of"

חַ֭טָּאִים adjective masculine plural "sinners"

לֹ֥א adverb of negation "not"

עָמָ֑ד Qal perfect 3ms from עָמָד (he stood) "he stood"

וּבְמֹושַׁ֥ב conjunction with preposition and noun masculine singular in construct "and in [the] seat of"

לֵ֝צִ֗ים Qal participle masculine plural from לִיץ (scorn) "scorning men"

לֹ֣א adverb of negation "not"

יָשָֽׁב Qal perfect 3ms from יָשַׁב (he sat) "he sat"

Genesis 1:28

וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם אֱלֹהִים וַיֹּאמֶר לָהֶם אֱלֹהִים פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ וּמִלְאוּ אֶת־הָאָרֶץ וְכִבְשֻׁהָ וּרְדוּ בִּדְגַת הַיָּם וּבְעֹוף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבְכָל־חַיָּה הָרֹמֶשֶׂת עַל־הָאָרֶץ׃

וַיְבָרֶךְ Piel imperfect 3ms from בָרַךְ (he blessed)"he will bless" with a vav conversive making it "and he blessed"

אֹתָם pronoun mp "them"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "God"

וַיֹּאמֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from אָמַר (he said)"he will say" with a vav conversive making it "and he said"

לָהֶם preposition with pronoun mp "to them"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "God"

פְּרוּ Qal imperative 2mp from פָרַה (he was fruitful)"be fruitful"

וּרְבוּ conjunction with Qal imperative 2mp from רָבָה (he increased, he multiplied)"and multiply"

וּמִלְאוּ conjunction with Qal imperative 2mp from מָלֵא (he filled)"and fill"

אֶת־הָאָרֶץ sign of direct object and definite article with noun fs "the earth"

וְכִבְשֻׁהָ conjunction with Qal imperative 2mp from כָּבַש (he subdued)with 3fs pronominal suffix "and subdue [her] it"

וּרְדוּ conjunction with Qal imperative 2mp from רָדַה (he ruled)"and rule"

בִּדְגַת preposition with noun fs in construct "in/over fish of"

הַיָּם definite article with noun ms "the sea"

וּבְעֹוף conjunction with preposition and noun ms in construct "and in/over winged creature of"

הַשָּׁמַיִם definite article with noun masculine plural "the heavens"

וּבְכָל־חַיָּה conjunction with preposition and adjective with noun fs "and in/over all/every living creature"

הָרֹמֶשֶׂת definite article with Qal active participle fs from רָמַשׂ (he crept)"the one creeping" or "the one which creeps"

עַל־הָאָרֶץ prepostion with definite article and noun fs "upon the earth"