Genesis 1:27

וַיִּבְרָא אֱלֹהִים ׀ אֶת־הָאָדָם בְּצַלְמֹו בְּצֶלֶם אֱלֹהִים בָּרָא אֹתֹו זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה בָּרָא אֹתָם׃

וַיִּבְרָא Qal imperfect/jussive 3ms from בָרָא (he created) "he will create" with a vav conversive making it "and he created"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "God"

אֶת־הָאָדָם sign of direct object with definite article and noun ms "the man"

בְּצַלְמֹו preposition and noun ms in construct with 3mp suffix "in image of us" or "in our image"

בְּצֶלֶם prepostion with noun ms in construct "in image of"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "God"

בָּרָא Qal perfect 3ms from בָרָא (he created)"he created"

אֹתֹו definite pronoun 3mp "them" (note sign of direct object and 3mp suffix)

זָכָר noun ms "male"

וּנְקֵבָה conjunction with noun fs "and female"

בָּרָא Qal perfect 3ms from בָרָא (he created)"he created"

אֹתָם personal pronoun 3mp "them"

Genesis 1:26

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים נַעֲשֶׂה אָדָם בְּצַלְמֵנוּ כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ וְיִרְדּוּ בִדְגַת הַיָּם וּבְעֹוף הַשָּׁמַיִם וּבַבְּהֵמָה וּבְכָל־הָאָרֶץ וּבְכָל־הָרֶמֶשׂ הָרֹמֵשׂ עַל־הָאָרֶץ׃

וַיֹּאמֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from אָמַר (he said)"he will say" with a vav conversive making it "and he said"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "God"

נַעֲשֶׂה Qal imperfect/jussive 1cp from עָשָה (he made)"let us make"

אָדָם noun ms "man"

בְּצַלְמֵנוּ preposition with noun ms in construct with 1cp suffix "in the image of us"

כִּדְמוּתֵנוּ preposition with noun fs in construct with 1cp suffix "as the likeness of us"

וְיִרְדּוּ conjunction with Qal imperfect/jussive 3mp from רָדָה (he ruled)"and let them rule"

בִדְגַת preposition with noun fs in construct "in/over fish of"

הַיָּם definite article with noun ms "the sea"

וּבְעֹוף conjunction with preposition and noun ms in construct "and in/over winged creature of"

הַשָּׁמַיִם definite article with noun mp "the heavens"

וּבַבְּהֵמָה conjunction with preposition with definite article with noun fs "and in/over the cattle"

וּבְכָל־הָאָרֶץ conjunction with preposition with adjective and definite article and noun fs "and in/over all the earth"

וּבְכָל־הָרֶמֶשׂ conjunction with preposition with adjective and definite article and noun fs "and in/over all the creeping things"

הָרֹמֵשׂ definite article with Qal active participle ms from רָמַשׂ (he creeps)"the one creeping" or "the one which creeps"

עַל־הָאָרֶץ preposition with definite article and noun fs "upon the earth"

Christ is born.

I'll be back after Christmas.
May the Lord bless you and keep you.

--- marty ---

Genesis 1:25

וַיַּעַשׂ אֱלֹהִים אֶת־חַיַּת הָאָרֶץ לְמִינָהּ וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָה לְמִינָהּ וְאֵת כָּל־רֶמֶשׂ הָאֲדָמָה לְמִינֵהוּ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי־טֹוב׃

וַיַּעַשׂ Qal imperfect 3ms from עָשָה (he made)"he will make" with a vav conversive making it "and he made"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "God"

אֶת־חַיַּת sign of direct object with noun fs in construct "living thing of"

הָאָרֶץ definite article with noun fs "the earth"

לְמִינָהּ preposition with noun ms in construct and pronominal suffix 3fs "to kind of [her] it" or "to its kind"

וְאֶת־הַבְּהֵמָה conjunction with definite article and noun fs "and the cattle"

לְמִינָהּ preposition with noun ms in construct and pronominal suffix 3fs "to kind of [her] it" or "to its kind"

וְאֵת conjunction with sign of direct object "and"

כָּל־רֶמֶשׂ adjective ms with noun ms in construct "every creeping thing of"

הָאֲדָמָה definite article with noun fs "the ground, the dust"

לְמִינֵהוּ preposition with noun ms in construct and pronominal suffix 3ms "to kind of [him] it" or "to its kind"

וַיַּרְא Qal imperfect 3ms from רָאָה (he saw)"he will see" with a vav conversive making it "and he saw"

אֱלֹהִים noun masculine plural "God"

כִּי־טֹוב preposition with predicate adjective ms "as being good" or "that it was good"

Genesis 1:24

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים תֹּוצֵא הָאָרֶץ נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה לְמִינָהּ בְּהֵמָה וָרֶמֶשׂ וְחַיְתֹו־אֶרֶץ לְמִינָהּ וַיְהִי־כֵן׃

וַיֹּאמֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from אָמַר (he said)"he will say" with a vav conversive making it "and he said"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "God"

תֹּוצֵא Hiphil imperfect/jussive 3fs from יָצָא (he brought forth) "let cause to bring forth"

הָאָרֶץ definite article with noun fs "the earth"

נֶפֶשׁ noun fs in construct "soul of"

חַיָּה adjective fs "living"

לְמִינָהּ preposition with noun ms in construct and pronominal suffix 3fs "to kind of [her] it" or "to its kind"

בְּהֵמָה noun fs "animal"

וָרֶמֶשׂ conjunction with noun ms "and creeping [thing]"

וְחַיְתֹו־אֶרֶץ conjunction with noun fs in construct and noun fs "and living thing of earth"

לְמִינָהּ preposition with noun ms in construct and pronominal suffix 3fs "to kind of [her] it" or "to its kind"

וַיְהִי־כֵן Qal imperfect 3ms from הָיָה (he/it was)"it will be" with a vav conversive making it "and it was" with adverb "so"

Genesis 1:23

וַיְהִי־עֶרֶב וַיְהִי־בֹקֶר יֹום חֲמִישִׁי׃

וַיְהִי־עֶרֶב Qal imperfect 3ms from הָיָה (he/it was)"it will be" with a vav conversive making it "and it was" with noun ms "evening"

וַיְהִי־בֹקֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from הָיָה (he/it was)"it will be" with a vav conversive making it "and it was" with noun ms "morning"

יֹום noun ms "day"

חֲמִישִׁי adjective ms "five" or "the fifth"

Genesis 1:22

וַיְבָרֶךְ אֹתָם אֱלֹהִים לֵאמֹר פְּרוּ וּרְבוּ וּמִלְאוּ אֶת־הַמַּיִם בַּיַּמִּים וְהָעֹוף יִרֶב בָּאָרֶץ׃

וַיְבָרֶךְ Piel imperfect 3ms from בָרַךְ (he blessed)"he will bless" with a vav conversive making it "and he blessed"

אֹתָם objective pronoun 3mp "them"

אֱלֹהִים masculine plural noun "God"

לֵאמֹר preposition on Qal infinitive construct from אָמַר (he said)"to say" or "saying"

פְּרוּ Qal imperative 2mp from פָרָה (he/it fruited, he/it was fruitful)"be fruitful"

וּרְבוּ conjunction with Qal imperative 2mp from רָבָה (he multiplied)"and multiply"

וּמִלְאוּ conjunction with Qal imperative 2mp from מָלֵא (he filled)"and fill"

אֶת־הַמַּיִם sign of direct object with definite article and noun mp "the waters"

בַּיַּמִּים preposition with definite article and noun mp "in the seas"

וְהָעֹוף conjunction with definite article and noun ms "and the winged creature"

יִרֶב Qal imperfect/jussive 3ms from רָבָה (he multiplied)"let it multiply"

בָּאָרֶץ preposition with definite article and noun fs "in the earth"

Genesis 1:21

וַיִּבְרָא אֱלֹהִים אֶת־הַתַּנִּינִם הַגְּדֹלִים וְאֵת כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ הַחַיָּה ׀ הָרֹמֶשֶׂת אֲשֶׁר שָׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם לְמִינֵהֶם וְאֵת כָּל־עֹוף כָּנָף לְמִינֵהוּ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי־טֹוב׃

וַיִּבְרָא Qal imperfect 3ms from בָרָא (he created)"he will create" with a vav conversive making it "and he created"

אֱלֹהִים noun masculine plural "God"

אֶת־הַתַּנִּינִם sign of direct object with definite article and noun mp "the sea monsters"

הַגְּדֹלִים definite article with adjective masculine plural "the great"

וְאֵת conjunction with sign of direct object "and"

כָּל־נֶפֶשׁ adjective with noun fs "all/every soul"

הַחַיָּה direct object with adjective fs "the living"

הָרֹמֶשֶׂת definite article with Qal participle fs from רָמַשׂ (he crept)"the creeping" or "the one which creeps"

אֲשֶׁר relative pronoun "which"

שָׁרְצוּ Qal perfect 3cp from שָׁרַצ (he swarmed)"they swarmed"

הַמַּיִם definite article with mp noun "the waters"

לְמִינֵהֶם preposition with noun mp in construct with 3mp suffix "to the kind of them/to their kind"

וְאֵת conjunction with sign of direct object "and"

כָּל־עֹוף adjective ms with noun ms "all/every flying creature"

כָּנָף noun fs "wing"

לְמִינֵהוּ preposition with noun ms in construct with 3ms suffix "to the kind of it/to its kind"

וַיַּרְא Qal imperfect 3ms from רָאָה (he saw)"he will see" with a vav conversive making it "and he saw"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "God"

כִּי־טֹוב conjunction with predicate adjective ms "as being good" or "that it was good"

Genesis 1:20

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יִשְׁרְצוּ הַמַּיִם שֶׁרֶץ נֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה וְעֹוף יְעֹופֵף עַל־הָאָרֶץ עַל־פְּנֵי רְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמָיִם׃

וַיֹּאמֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from אָמַר (he said)"he will say" with a vav conversive making it "and he said"

אֱלֹהִים noun masculine plural "God"

יִשְׁרְצוּ Qal imperfect/jussive 3mp from שָׁרַצ (he/it swarmed) "let them swarm"

הַמַּיִם definite article with noun mp "the waters"

שֶׁרֶץ noun ms in construct "a swam of"

נֶפֶשׁ noun fs "soul"

חַיָּה adjective fs "living"

וְעֹוף conjunction with noun fs "and flying creature"

יְעֹופֵף polel imperfect/jussive 3ms from עוּף (he/it flew) "let it fly"

עַל־הָאָרֶץ preposition with definite article and noun fs "upon the earth"

עַל־פְּנֵי preposition with noun mp in construct "upon the faces of"

רְקִיעַ noun ms in construct "the expanse of"

הַשָּׁמָיִם definite article with noun masculine plural "the heavens"

Genesis 1:19

וַיְהִי־עֶרֶב וַיְהִי־בֹקֶר יֹום רְבִיעִי׃

וַיְהִי־עֶרֶב Qal imperfect 3ms from הָיָה (he/it was)"he/it will be" with a vav conversive making it "and it was" with noun ms "evening"

וַיְהִי־בֹקֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from הָיָה (he/it was)"he/it will be" with a vav conversive making it "and it was" with noun ms "morning"

יֹום noun ms "day"

רְבִיעִי adjective ms "four" or "the fourth"

Genesis 1:18

וְלִמְשֹׁל בַּיֹּום וּבַלַּיְלָה וּלֲהַבְדִּיל בֵּין הָאֹור וּבֵין הַחֹשֶׁךְ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי־טֹוב׃

וְלִמְשֹׁל conjunction with Qal infinitive construct from מָשַׁל (he ruled) "and to rule"

בַּיֹּום preposition with noun ms "in/over day"

וּבַלַּיְלָה conjunction with preposition with noun ms "and in/over night"

וּלֲהַבְדִּיל conjunction with Hiphil infinitive construct from בָדָל (he divided) "and to cause dividing"

בֵּין preposition "between"

הָאֹור definite article with noun cs "the light" (note: Bibleworks 4 lists this as a common singular noun. Gesenius calls it a ms noun except once in Job 36:32 where it is feminine. BDB says ms except in Job 36:32 and Jer. 13:16)

וּבֵין conjunction with preposition "and between"

הַחֹשֶׁךְ definite article with noun ms "the darkness"

וַיַּרְא Qal imperfect 3ms from רָאָה (he saw)"he will see" with a vav conversive making it "and he saw"

אֱלֹהִים noun mp "God"

כִּי־טֹוב preposition with predicate adjective "as being good" or "that it was good"

Verb Charts again

I noticed that some of the columns were cut off on the verb charts that were handed out in class.
Here are new copies, hopefully corrected.

Hebrew Verb Chart.xls
Hebrew Verb Chart.pdf

Hebrew Verb Chart without translations.xls
Hebrew Verb Chart without translations.pdf

Worksheet for final

Here is a blank worksheet I created with the text of Genesis 1:14-28 in Hebrew with the words broken out underneath the verse for parsing and translating. Let me know if you spot any errors.

Genesis 1_14-28.pdf

Coming to terms

I'm working on putting together a sheet with Genesis 1:14-31 typed out with each word listed underneath the verse.
My hospital stay has put me a little behind, but with God's grace I should have it done by next week.

A student asked for definitions of some terminology.
This is my email response, with a little editing, which I thought might help others.
Most of what I know about these terms comes from listening to Jim Davison, arguably one of the best language teachers on the planet.

These definitions are from my own head so do more reading and checking. This should get you started.

Imperative - This is telling someone else to be or act in a particular way. "You (or You all) wash the car." It is going to be either a 2nd person singular or a 2nd person plural because the subject is directing the "command" or "imperative" to someone else who is listening.

Infinitive - a verbal noun such as "to play" or "to run" or "to walk" etc. Usually you can use "to" in front of the verb to express it in English.

Participle - a verbal adjective. All the features of an adjective can apply. Sometimes adjectives (and participles) act like nouns - the good, the dead, the holy.

Notice that when they are used like nouns there is a definite article just in front of the adjective. This is what we call the "attributive position." When an adjective or a participle is in the attributive position, we apply or "attribute" the "substance of a noun" to it so it is sometimes referred to as "substantive."

This means we could say "The good man," or "The good woman," or "The good thing." Which gender we use is determined by the form of the adjective or participle. If it has a masculine form, we would say, "The good man." If it is a feminine form we would say, "The good woman."

Sometimes we don't specify in our translation. We might say Jesus is risen from the dead. Someone might ask, "The dead what? Dead men, Dead women, Dead ones?" In this case the substantive is just understood.

Sometimes adjectives are not following a definite article. We call those predicate position or predicate adjectives. The man is good. The woman is good. The thing is good. Notice that we supply the verb, "is".

All of this applies to participles which have verbal qualities and adjectival qualities. We have tense, voice and mood (or mode) like verbs, as well as case number and gender, like nouns or adjectives.

Sometimes we can just add "ing" to the verb to translate a participle - "living men, running girl, walking people."

Sometimes it is better to use a relative clause. "the men who were living," "the girl who was running," "the people who were walking."

Sometimes (usually in the predicate position) a temporal (having to do with time) sense is conveyed. "when the men lived," "as the girl ran," "after the people walked." Here the timing is defined by the timing of the main verb in the clause or sentence.

So, again, a participle is a verbal adjective.

Translating participles could be a class all by itself, but this gives you a quick overview.

Genesis 1:17

וַיִּתֵּן אֹתָם אֱלֹהִים בִּרְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמָיִם לְהָאִיר עַל־הָאָרֶץ׃

וַיִּתֵּן Qal imperfect 3ms from נָתַן(he gave)"he will give" with a vav conversive making it "and he gave"

אֹתָם pronoun masculine plural "them"

אֱלֹהִים masculine plural noun "God"

בִּרְקִיעַ preposition with fs noun in construct "in the expanse of"

הַשָּׁמָיִם definite article with masculine dual noun "the heavens"

לְהָאִיר preposition with Hiphil infinitive (Hiphil infinitive construct) "to cause light"

עַל־הָאָרֶץ preposition with definite article and fs noun "upon the earth"

Hebrew Verb Chart

I am posting two verb charts which I have created in Excel format.

Please let me know if you spot any errors.

Verb Chart with translations.xls

Verb Chart without translations.xls - this is formatted a little nicer to fit on one page

Genesis 1:16

וַיַּעַשׂ אֱלֹהִים אֶת־שְׁנֵי הַמְּאֹרֹת הַגְּדֹלִים אֶת־הַמָּאֹור הַגָּדֹל לְמֶמְשֶׁלֶת הַיֹּום וְאֶת־הַמָּאֹור הַקָּטֹן לְמֶמְשֶׁלֶת הַלַּיְלָה וְאֵת הַכֹּוכָבִים׃

וַיַּעַשׂ Qal imperfect 3ms from עָשָה (he made, he did)"he will make" with a vav conversive making it "and he made"

אֱלֹהִים noun masculine plural "God"

אֶת־שְׁנֵי sign of direct object with adjective masculine plural in construct "two"

הַמְּאֹרֹת definite article with plural noun (the ending appears to be feminine plural, but I'm questioning this one)"light holders"

הַגְּדֹלִים definite article with adjective masculine plural "the great"

אֶת־הַמָּאֹור sign of direct object with noun "the light"

הַגָּדֹל definite article with adjective "the great"

לְמֶמְשֶׁלֶת preposition with feminine noun in construct "for ruling of"

הַיֹּום definite article with noun masculine singular "the day"

וְאֶת־הַמָּאֹור conjunction with sign of direct object and definite article with noun "and the light holder"

הַקָּטֹן definite article with adjective masculine singular "the little, the small"

לְמֶמְשֶׁלֶת preposition with feminine noun in construct "for ruling of"

הַלַּיְלָה definite article with noun masculine singular "the night"

וְאֵת conjunction with sign of direct object "and"

הַכֹּוכָבִים definite article with noun masculine plural "the stars"

Niphal Imperfect

3ms יִשָּׁמֵר he will be kept

3fs תִּשָּׁמֵר she will be kept

2ms תִּשָּׁמֵר you will be kept

2fs תִּשָּׁמְרִי you will be kept

1cs אֶשָּׁמֵר I will be kept

3mp יִשָּׁמְרוּ they will be kept

3fp תִּשָּׁמַרְנָה they will be kept

2mp תִּשָּׁמְרוּ you all will be kept

2fp תִּשָּׁמֵרְנָה you all will be kept

1cp נִשָּׁמֵר we will be kept

Niphal Perfect

3ms נִשְׁמַר he was kept

3fs נִשְׁמְרָה she was kept

2ms נִשְׁמַרְתָּ you were kept

2fs נִשְׁמַרְתְּ you were kept

1cs נִשְׁמַרְתִּי I was kept

3cp נִשְׁמְרוּ they were kept

2mp נִשְׁמַרְתֶּם you all were kept

2fp נִשְׁמַרְתֶּן you all were kept

1cp נִשְׁמַרְנוּ we were kept

Genesis 1:1-13

Here is a pdf of Genesis 1:1-13 typed out in Hebrew with each word listed underneath the verse.
This may help some doing the midterm. If you print out the pdf you can fill in your parsing and translation without having to write out each verse.

Genesis 1_1-13.pdf

NOTE: I uploaded a new copy of this file at 1:20 P.M.
I discovered that I left out the vav conversive at the beginning of verse 10.
If you already downloaded it, just add a vav with a pathah under it.

Review of Perfect and Imperfect

This is basically a cut and paste from an earlier post.

Note:
The perfects indicate completed action and so would be translated normally as past action.

The imperfects indicate incomplete action and so would be translated normally as future action.

The vav conversive will essentially "flip" the past to future or the future to past in your translation.

The perfects follow the vowel patterns for the PAL nomenclature

Qal ("a" vowels)
Niphal ("i-a" vowel pattern)

Piel ("i-e" vowel pattern)
Pual ("u-a" vowel pattern)

Hiphil ("i-i" vowel pattern)
Hophal ("o-a" vowel pattern)

Hitpael (first syllable begins with ה and "i" vowel ands end with ת)

Imperfects have a prefix. Here are my observations:
1.)Prefix with a hireq is a Qal or a Niphal
(If the next vowel is an "a" vowel it's a Niphal anything else is Qal -note: the Hitpael also starts with hireq under the prefix, but it is pretty hard to mistake the "hit" or "yit" sound of the Hitpael)

2.)Prefix with a sheva is a Piel or a Pual
(It's pretty hard to miss the "u" vowel of the Pual or the "a" vowel of the Piel - both will double the middle radical as well)

3.)Prefix with a pathah is a Hiphil

4.)Prefix with a Qamets is a Hophal
(The next radical will have a sheva making it a closed syllable and thus a Qamets hatuph - "o" vowel)

5.)An aleph prefix is always 1cs
A nun prefix is always 1cp - note: this is in the imperfects
A yod prefix is always 3m ( with a וּ suffix it is plural)
The נה suffix is feminine plural (it could be 2nd or 3rd person)

More midterm

Just a couple more things to look for in the first three days of Genesis 1.

When you see a vav - ו - in front of a verb look to see what vowel is underneath it.
If it is a pathah - וַ - and the verb is an imperfect verb (one with a prefix such as י, א, ת) it is a vav conversive and you will give a translation that is "past" instead of "future" because of the vav conversive. You still will add the conjunction "and" in your translation to account for the vav.
If this vav - וַ - is in front of a perfect verb it is just the conjunction "and" so the tense is not "converted."

If the vowel under the vav is a shevah - וְ - and the verb is a perfect (one with no prefix) it is a vav conversive and you will give a translation that indicates "future" instead of "past" because of the vav conversive. Again, you still will add the conjunction "and" in your translation to account for the vav. (note: look for this in verse 14 and 15)
If this vav - וְ - is in front of a perfect verb it is just the conjunction "and" so the tense is not "converted."

A prefixed lamed - ל - is usually the prepostion "to" or "for." (note: there is an infinitive construct in verse 18)

Midterm Information

I'm hoping this works. My FTP server is down temporarily so this is a link to Dr. Staats talking about the midterm in class:


Midterm Info

Let me know if there are problems.
If not, I'll post the audio of the whole class.

Study

A student asked me to put up some "study aids" for the upcoming Hebrew midterm.

Here are a few, "off the top of my head" thoughts about parsing and taking the test.

Dr. Staats has been so gracious to allow the use of two different color pens so that you can do part of the exam from memory and part with tools. My thinking is you cannot do yourself any harm by trying to do what you can from memory first, and then filling in what you need tools for with another color pen. Just leave yourself room on the paper for what you think you will need to add. Do all you can from memory first. You can do more than you now think you can.

Simple things you could get:

וַיֹּאמֶר אֳלֹהִים

This is a Qal imperfect 3ms (note the י prefix after the ו) with a vav conversive from the root אָמַר (he said) so the imperfect "he will say" is turned over by the vav conversive making it "and he said" --- What follows then is the masculine plural noun which means "God," so a literal, wooden translation would be "And he said God" with God being the speaker. In English we put the noun first so a smooth English translation would be "And God said"

This appears multiple times. Put this parsing in your mind and you will get it right each time it comes up in the text.

וַיּ appears in front of other verbs also multiple times in the text for the exam.

Whenever you see it you know it is a Qal imperfect 3m with a vav conversive.
This form will appear with "he said," "he called," "he saw."

יְהִי this is a Qal imperfect/jussive 3ms from הָיָה (he/it was) "let there be"

I may add more if I can think of simple things, but working on your vowel patterns would be helpful. In the perfects you already know the vowel patterns as they are included in the name of the form (i/i for Hiphil, etc.) So just work on the imperfects.

Genesis 1:15

וְהָיוּ לִמְאֹורֹת בִּרְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם לְהָאִיר עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְהִי־כֵן׃

וְהָיוּ Qal perfect 3rd masculine plural from הָיָה (he was) "they were" with a vav conversive making it "and they will be"

לִמְאֹורֹת preposition with noun feminine plural "for light holders"

בִּרְקִיעַ preposition with noun masculine singular in construct "in the expanse of"

הַשָּׁמַיִם definite article with noun masculine dual "the heavens"

לְהָאִיר Hiphil infinitive from אוֹר (it became light) "to cause to shine light"

עַל־הָאָרֶץ preposition with definite article and noun feminine singular "upon the earth"

וַיְהִי־כֵן Qal imperfect 3ms from הָיָה (he was) "it [he] will be" with a vav conversive making it "and it was" with the adverb "so"

Genesis 1:14

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יְהִי מְאֹרֹת בִּרְקִיעַ הַשָּׁמַיִם לְהַבְדִּיל בֵּין הַיֹּום וּבֵין הַלָּיְלָה וְהָיוּ לְאֹתֹת וּלְמֹועֲדִים וּלְיָמִים וְשָׁנִים׃

וַיֹּאמֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from אָמַר (he said) "he will say" with a vav conversive making it "and he said"

אֱלֹהִים noun masculine plural "God"

יְהִי Qal imperfect/jussive 3ms from הָיָה (he was) "let there be"

מְאֹרֹת noun feminine plural "light holders" (note: BibleWorks 4 parses this as a masculine plural)

בִּרְקִיעַ preposition with noun masculine singular in construct "in [the] expanse of"

הַשָּׁמַיִם definite article with noun masculine plural "the heavens"

לְהַבְדִּיל Hiphil infinitive from בָּדַל (he divided) "to cause a division"

בֵּין preposition "between"

הַיֹּום definite article with noun masculine singular "the day"

וּבֵין conjunction with preposition "and between"

הַלָּיְלָה definite article with noun masculine singular "the night"

וְהָיוּ Qal perfect 3rd masuline plural from הָיָה (he was) "they were" with a vav conversive making it "and they will be"

לְאֹתֹת preposition with noun feminine plural "to signs" or "for signs"

וּלְמֹועֲדִים conjunction with preposition and noun masculine plural "and for appointed places" or "and for seasons"

וּלְיָמִים conjunction with preposition and noun masculine plural "and for days"

וְשָׁנִים conjunction with noun feminine plural "and years" (note: this feminine noun, שָׁנַה, can take either the וֹת or ימ ִ plural ending.)

Genesis 1:13

וַיְהִי־עֶרֶב וַיְהִי־בֹקֶר יֹום שְׁלִישִׁי׃

וַיְהִי־עֶרֶב Qal imperfect 3ms from הָיָה (he was) "he will be" with a vav conversive making it "and it [he] was" with noun masculine singular "evening"

וַיְהִי־בֹקֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from הָיָה (he was) "he will be" with a vav conversive making it "and it [he] was" with noun masculine singular "morning"

יֹום noun masculine singular "day"

שְׁלִישִׁי adjective masculine singular "third"

Genesis 1:12

וַתֹּוצֵא הָאָרֶץ דֶּשֶׁא עֵשֶׂב מַזְרִיעַ זֶרַע לְמִינֵהוּ וְעֵץ עֹשֶׂה־פְּרִי אֲשֶׁר זַרְעֹו־בֹו לְמִינֵהוּ וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי־טֹוב׃

וַתֹּוצֵא Hiphil imperfect 3fs from יָצָא (he brought forth) "she will cause to come forth" with a vav conversive making it "and it [she] caused to come forth" (note: This is a difficult form. It is both a Pe yod (historically Pe vav) and a Lamed Aleph verb and the vowels have done some really strange things. I had to look this one up)

הָאָרֶץ definite article with noun feminine singular "the earth"

דֶּשֶׁא noun masculine singular "grass"

עֵשֶׂב noun masculine singular "herb"

מַזְרִיעַ Hiphil active participle masculine singular from זָרַע (he scattered, he sowed)"causing scattering, causing sowing, seeding"

זֶרַע noun masculine singular "seed"

לְמִינֵהוּ preposition "to" with noun masculine singular "kind" in construct with 3ms pronominal suffix "of it [him]" (note: I'm guessing that the ה between the נ and the וּ is for euphony, "good sound" **** I'm wrong...See Katie's comment to this post. The 3ms suffix is "hu" not just a sureq ****) "to its kind"

וְעֵץ conjunction "and" with noun masculine singular "and tree"

עֹשֶׂה־פְּרִי Qal participle masculine singular from עָשָה (he did, he made) noun masculine singular "making fruit"

אֲשֶׁר relative pronoun "which, whose"

זַרְעֹו־בֹו noun masculine singular "seed" with ms pronominal suffix "of it [him]" and preposition "in" with ms pronominal suffix "it [him]" predicate construction so we supply "is" - "its seed in it is"

לְמִינֵהוּ preposition "to" with noun masculine singular "kind" in construct with 3ms pronominal suffix "of it" - "to its kind"

וַיַּרְא Qal imperfect 3ms from רָאָה (he saw) "he will see" with a vav conversive making it "and he saw"

אֱלֹהִים noun masculine plural "God"

כִּי־טֹוב preposition "like, as" with adjective masculine singular "good" we supply a from of the verb "to be" because of the predicate construction "as being good" or "that it was good"

Genesis 1:11

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים תַּדְשֵׁא הָאָרֶץ דֶּשֶׁא עֵשֶׂב מַזְרִיעַ זֶרַע עֵץ פְּרִי עֹשֶׂה פְּרִי לְמִינֹו אֲשֶׁר זַרְעֹו־בֹו עַל־הָאָרֶץ וַיְהִי־כֵן׃

וַיֹּאמֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from the root אמר (he said) "he will say" with a vav conversive making it "and he said"

אֱלֹהִים noun masculine plural "God"

תַּדְשֵׁא Hiphil imperfect/jussive 3fs from the root דשׁא (sprout, green up) "let it [her] cause to green up"

הָאָרֶץ definite article with noun feminine singular "the earth"

דֶּשֶׁא noun masculine singular "green grass"

עֵשֶׂב noun masculine singular "herb"

מַזְרִיעַ Hiphil participle masculine singular from זָרַע (he scattered seed, he sowed)"seeding, causing seeding"

זֶרַע noun masculine singular "seed"

עֵץ noun masculine singular in construct "tree of"

פְּרִי noun masculine singular "fruit"

לְמִינֹו preposition with noun masculine singular and 3ms pronominal suffix "to-kind-of it, to its kind"

אֲשֶׁר relative pronoun "which, whose"

זַרְעֹו־בֹו noun masculine singular with pronominal suffix and preposition with pronominal suffix "seed-of-it in-it [is], seed is in it" (note: we provide a form of the verb "to be" because of the predicate construction with no definite article)

עַל־הָאָרֶץ preposition with definite article and noun feminine singular "upon the earth"

וַיְהִי־כֵן Qal imperfect 3ms from the root היה (he was) "it [he] will be" with a vav conversive making it "and it was" with the adverb "so"

Genesis 1:10

וַיִּקְרָא אֱלֹהִים ׀ לַיַּבָּשָׁה אֶרֶץ וּלְמִקְוֵה הַמַּיִם קָרָא יַמִּים וַיַּרְא אֱלֹהִים כִּי־טֹוב׃

וַיִּקְרָא Qal imperfect 3ms from the root קרא (he called)"he will call" with a vav conversive making it "and he called"

אֱלֹהִים noun masculine plural "God"

לַיַּבָּשָׁה preposition with noun feminine singular "to the dry land"

אֶרֶץ noun feminine singular "earth"

וּלְמִקְוֵה conjunction, preposition, and noun masculine singular in construct "and to the collection of"

הַמַּיִם definite article with noun dual masculine "the waters"

קָרָא Qal perfect 3ms from the root קרא (he called) "he called"

יַמִּים noun masculine plural "seas"

וַיַּרְא Qal imperfect 3ms from the root ראה (he saw)"he will see" with a vav conversive making it "and he saw"

אֱלֹהִים noun plural masculine "God"

כִּי־טֹוב prepostion with predicate adjective masculine singular "as [being] good, that [it was] good"

Genesis 1:9

וַיֹּאמֶר אֱלֹהִים יִקָּווּ הַמַּיִם מִתַּחַת הַשָּׁמַיִם אֶל־מָקֹום אֶחָד וְתֵרָאֶה הַיַּבָּשָׁה וַיְהִי־כֵן׃

וַיֹּאמֶר Qal imperfect 3ms from אמר (he said) "he will say" with vav conversive making it "and he said"

אֱלֹהִים masculine plural noun "God"

יִקָּווּ Niphal imperfect/jussive 3mp from the root קוה (he collected, he gathered together) "let them be gathered together"

הַמַּיִם Definite article with masculine plural noun "the waters"

מִתַּחַת preposion "from" with preposition "under"

הַשָּׁמַיִם Definite article with masculine dual noun "the heavens"

אֶל־מָקֹום preposition with masculine singular noun "unto place"

אֶחָד adjective masculine singular "one"

וְתֵרָאֶה conjunction with Niphal imperfect/jussive 3fs from ראה (he saw)"and let be seen"

הַיַּבָּשָׁה definite article with feminine singular noun "the dry land"

וַיְהִי־כֵן Qal imperfect 3ms from the root היה (he was) "it will be" with vav conversive making it "and it was" with adverb "so"

Qal Imperfect

3ms יִשְׁמֹר he will keep

3fs תִּשְׁמֹר she will keep

2ms תִּשְׁמֹר you will keep

2fs תִּשְׁמְרִי you will keep

1cs אֶשְׁמֹר I will keep

3mp יִשְׁמְרוּ they will keep

3fp תִּשְׁמֹרְנָה they will keep

2mp תִּשְׁמְרוּ you all will keep

2fp תִּשְׁמֹרְנָה you all will keep

1cp נִשְׁמֹר we will keep

Qal perfect

3ms שָׁמַר he kept
3fs שָׁמְרָה she kept
2ms שָׁמַרְתָּ you kept
2fs שָׁמַרְתְּ you kept
1cs שָׁמַרְתִּי I kept
3cp שָׁמְרוּ they kept
2mp שְׁמַרְתֶּם you all kept
2fp שְׁמַרְתֶּן you all kept
1cp שָׁמַרְנוּ we kept

Rule

רָדָה

he ruled

(verb Qal perfect 3ms)

Greening

דָּשָׁא

he (it) sprouted, grew green

(verb Qal perfect 3ms)

Notes on the strong verb chart

I've been looking at the strong verb chart and making some observations.
I'll be watching to see if these hold true. Some of these observations came about by reading Dr. Staats' rule charts. I just wanted to put them in a simple form.

The perfects follow the vowel patterns for the PAL nomenclature

Qal ("a" vowels)
Niphal ("i-a" vowel pattern)

Piel ("i-e" vowel pattern)
Pual ("u-a" vowel pattern)

Hiphil ("i-i" vowel pattern)
Hophal ("o-a" vowel pattern)

Hitpael (first syllable begins with ה and "i" vowel ands end with ת)

Imperfects have a prefix. Here are my observations:
1.)Prefix with a hireq is a Qal or a Niphal
(If the next vowel is an "a" vowel it's a Niphal anything else is Qal -note: the Hitpael also starts with hireq under the prefix, but it is pretty hard to mistake the "hit" or "yit" sound of the Hitpael)

2.)Prefix with a sheva is a Piel or a Pual
(It's pretty hard to miss the "u" vowel of the Pual or the "a" vowel of the Piel - both will double the middle radical as well)

3.)Prefix with a pathah is a Hiphil

4.)Prefix with a Qamets is a Hophal
(The next radical will have a sheva making it a closed syllable and thus a Qamets hatuph - "o" vowel)

5.)An aleph prefix is always 1cs
A nun prefix is always 1cp - note: this is in the imperfects
A yod prefix is always 3m ( with a וּ suffix it is plural)
The נה suffix is feminine plural (it could be 2nd or 3rd person)

fruit

פְרִי

fruit

(noun masculine singular)

seed

זֶרַע

seed

(noun masculine singular)

call

קָרָא

he called

(verb Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular)

Do

עָשָֹה

he did, he made

(verb Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular)

herb

עֵשֶֹב

grass, herb

(noun masculine singular)

soul

נֶפֶש

soul

(noun feminine singular)

Firmament

רָקִיעַ

Firmament

(noun masculine singular)

He said

אָמַר

He said

(verb Qal perfect 3rd masculine singular)

Elohim

אֱלֹהִים

God (gods)

(noun masculine plural)

note: This noun is sometimes used of angels. "Context is king" when it comes to translation.

What a day

יוֹם

day

(noun masculine singular)

Down to earth

אֶרֶץ

earth, land

(noun common singular)

King me

מֶלֶךְ

king

(noun masculine singular)

man

אִיש

man

(noun masculine singular)

Sons and Daughters

בֵּן

son

(noun masculine singular)

בַּת

daughter

(noun feminine singular)

people like sheep

עַמ

people

(noun masculine singular)

collective noun?